Austrian general who surrendered an entire army (30,000 men) to Napoleon at Ulm (1805) without significant battle — one of history's most complete strategic defeats.
The Ulm disaster as case study in strategic failure: Mack's army was encircled by Napoleon's corps system before a significant engagement — demonstrating Napoleon's corps strategy in its most decisive form. Mack's failure was conceptual: he could not update his mental model fast enough when Napoleon moved faster than Austrian assumptions about army movement allowed. Studied in military history as an example of strategic paralysis in the face of a faster-operating opponent.
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