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concept3rd century CE-7th century CE

Manichaeism

Disciplines:
religion
cosmology
journalism/dualism
mani

Summary

Dualistic religion founded by the prophet Mani in 3rd century CE Persia — synthesizing Zoroastrian cosmic dualism, Christian redemption, and Buddhist liberation — depicting the cosmos as a battleground between light (spirit) and darkness (matter) — once the world's most geographically widespread religion, extending from Rome to China.

Core Contribution

Creates the most ambitious syncretic cosmic dualism — Mani consciously synthesized all major religious traditions of his time (Zoroastrianism, Christianity, Buddhism) into a universal religion; its doctrine (the cosmic imprisonment of light in matter, liberation through knowledge and asceticism) is the most fully developed dualistic soteriology; its influence on Augustine (pre-conversion Manichaean) decisively shaped Western Christianity's doctrines of evil and free will.

Historical Influences

Zoroastrianism Christianity Buddhism Babylonian cosmology

Intellectual Lineage

Mani Sasanian Persian EmpireRoman Empire, Central Asia, ChinaAugustine of Hippo

Allied Works

Confessions The KephalaiaAgainst the Manichaeans

Contemporaries & Peers

Neoplatonism Gnosticism Zoroastrianism

Minds Influenced

Augustine of Hippo Catharism BogomilismWestern theology of evil

Intellectual Posterity

Manichaean heresyAugustine's anti-Manichaean writingsCatharism Manichaean thinking

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Manichaeism

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