Indian Buddhist philosopher who founded the Madhyamaka school — arguing through rigorous dialectical analysis that all phenomena are empty (shunyata) of inherent existence, that even emptiness is empty, and that the two truths (conventional and ultimate) must be carefully distinguished.
Created the most rigorous philosophical expression of Buddhist emptiness — through the Mulamadhyamakakarika's tetralemma analysis showing that no position about reality (existence, non-existence, both, neither) can be consistently maintained — making Nagarjuna's dialectic the most challenging philosophical system in the ancient world.
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