Aristotle's Politics (c. 335 BCE) is the foundational text of political science, analyzing constitutions, citizenship, and the state's purpose in terms of human flourishing.
Aristotle argues that the polis exists by nature and that humans are political animals; the state's purpose is not merely security or commerce but the cultivation of virtuous citizens; he systematically classifies constitutions by who rules and for whose benefit, identifying polity as the best practicable constitution.
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