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personc. 1500–600 BC (disputed)

Zoroaster

Disciplines:
religion
ancient history/persia
journalism/dualism
religion/zoroastrianism

Summary

Ancient Iranian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism — the first monotheistic or dualistic religion — teaching that the world is a battlefield between a supreme good deity (Ahura Mazda) and an evil principle (Angra Mainyu), that humans have free will to choose between them, and that history will culminate in the triumph of good.

Core Contribution

Created the religious framework that decisively shaped all three Abrahamic religions — Zoroastrianism's cosmic dualism (good god vs. evil principle), individual judgment after death, resurrection, heaven and hell, and linear history moving toward a final apocalypse all entered Jewish theology during the Babylonian exile and thence into Christianity and Islam.

Notable Works & Achievements

Gathas

Historical Influences

Ancient Iranian religious tradition

Intellectual Lineage

Persia/Bactria

Contemporaries & Peers

Axial Age prophets

Minds Influenced

Judaism Christianity Islam History 102

Intellectual Posterity

Zoroastrianism Angra MainyuAhura MazdaZoroastrian influence on Abrahamic religions

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Zoroaster

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