9 thinkers, books, and ideas connected to this field.
Turkish-American economist at MIT who (with James Robinson) developed the institutions-based theory of economic development — arguing that inclusive political and economic institutions are the primary determinant of prosperity.
William Beveridge's follow-up to his 1942 report — arguing that full employment (not just social insurance) is the proper goal of a free society, and that it is achievable through Keynesian demand management.
Harriet Taylor Mill was a British philosopher and feminist who collaborated closely with John Stuart Mill and shaped his liberal philosophy, especially On Liberty and The Subjection of Women.
Lenin's economic analysis of imperialism as the latest stage of capitalist development — explaining WWI as a conflict between imperialist powers over the division of the world.
Adam Smith's 1776 foundational text of modern economics — arguing through the pin factory, division of labor, and invisible hand metaphor that markets coordinate economic activity more efficiently than central direction — the founding document of free market economics.
Thomas Robert Malthus was an English economist whose 'Essay on the Principle of Population' (1798) argued that population growth inevitably outstrips food supply, leading to famine, disease, or war as natural checks.
The theory that corporations should serve all stakeholders (employees, communities, environment, society) rather than solely shareholders — promoted by the World Economic Forum under Klaus Schwab and adopted by major institutional investors.
German-American economist who developed the 'infant industry' argument for protectionism — the intellectual foundation of developmental nationalism in economics.
Russian Orthodox theologian and priest who moved from Marxist economics to Christian idealism to become the foremost theologian of divine Sophia. His 'great trilogy' on the divine-human relationship is the summit of Russian Sophiological theology.