PANTHEON
ExploreBuild My Library
© 2026 Pantheon — an atlas of the ideas that shaped how we think.
Discipline Focus

truth

4 thinkers, books, and ideas connected to this field.

Thinker

Bernard Williams

British moral philosopher who wrote Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy and Shame and Necessity — arguing that systematic ethical theories (utilitarianism and Kantian ethics) fail to do justice to the complexity of moral life, and that integrity and ground projects are central to personal identity.

philosophyethicsintegritytruthcambridge/oxford
View Profile
Thinker

Maudmarie Clark

American philosopher who wrote Nietzsche on Truth and Philosophy — arguing that Nietzsche ultimately abandoned his early perspectivism and arrived at a more conventional conception of truth in his mature works — making her a revisionary figure in Nietzsche scholarship.

philosophynietzschetruthuniversity of california riverside
View Profile
Book

Nietzsche on Truth and Philosophy

Maudmarie Clark's 1990 book arguing that Nietzsche's perspectivism evolved significantly — his early 'On Truth and Lies' position was untenable and he knew it, and his mature position takes truth and objectivity more seriously than his nominalist reputation suggests.

philosophytruthnietzsche scholarshipperspectivism
View Profile
Essay

On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense

Nietzsche's 1873 unpublished essay arguing that truth is 'a mobile army of metaphors, metonymies, and anthropomorphisms' — that all human knowledge is perspectival and anthropocentric, that concepts are worn-out metaphors we have forgotten are metaphors — anticipating his later perspectivism.

philosophynietzschetruthlanguage
View Profile